ADHD in Athletes: Potential Superpowers with Effective Management
By: Lindsey Ervin, LPCC
ADHD is commonly misunderstood and many athletes are impacted by this disorder. It is time to shed some light on what ADHD is and how the these symptoms may affect as well as empower athletes.
Basics
ADHD, or Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, is a neurodevelopmental disorder that impacts executive functioning characterized by a pattern of inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. Athletes managing ADHD may experience both strengths and challenges depending on individual characteristics and the specific demands of their sport. Notably, ADHD is overlooked in females and can present differently than in males. Early diagnosis and intervention will help athletes with ADHD better manage their symptoms and optimize their potential in sport and life.
Although ADHD may present challenges when it comes to focus, impulsivity, and time management, many athletes find success by working with mental health professionals to develop strategies and coping mechanisms to optimize their performance. It’s critical to note ADHD does not define an athlete's capabilities. Moreover, with the right support and strategies, athletes with ADHD can absolutely achieve their goals and thrive!
Common Signs & Symptoms:
Inattention
● Difficulty sustaining attention in tasks or play activities
● Frequent careless mistakes in schoolwork or other activities
● Trouble organizing tasks and activities
● Avoidance of tasks requiring sustained mental effort
● Frequently losing items necessary for tasks
● Forgetfulness in daily activities
Impulsivity
● Acting without thinking about consequences
● Interrupting or intruding on others' conversations or games
● Impatience (i.e.: blurting out answers before questions are complete)
● Difficulty waiting for one's turn
Hyperactivity
● Fidgeting or tapping hands and/or feet
● Inability to sit still, especially in situations where it's expected
● Running or climbing in inappropriate situations
● Inability to play or engage in activities quietly
● Excessive talking
These symptoms vary in intensity and presentation among athletes with ADHD, and symptoms can persist into adulthood and may impact various aspects of athletes’ lives and sporting experiences.
Sources:
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5®). American Psychiatric Pub.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2021). Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): Symptoms and Diagnosis.
However, in my experience ADHD can become a superpower for many athletes.
Positive Impacts & Benefits
● Hyperfocus: Some athletes with ADHD experience periods of intense concentration and hyperfocus, especially when they are engaged in activities that they are passionate about, such as sports. This can lead to exceptional performance and skill development.
● Creativity: ADHD is often associated with creative thinking and problem-solving abilities, which can be advantageous in sports where quick thinking and adaptability are necessary.
● High Energy Levels: The hyperactivity aspect of ADHD may provide athletes with high energy levels, which can be beneficial in endurance sports or activities requiring bursts of energy.
● Resilience: Many athletes with ADHD develop resilience and determination as they navigate the challenges associated with the disorder itself. This can translate into a strong work ethic and perseverance in sports.
Potential Challenges & Difficulties
● Inconsistent Performances: Athletes with ADHD may struggle with inconsistent performances due to difficulties with focus and concentration. They may perform exceptionally well on some days and struggle on others.
● Impulsivity: Impulsivity can lead to poor decision-making during games, such as making impulsive passes or taking unnecessary risks, which can negatively impact both individual and team performances.
● Organization and Time Management: ADHD may make it challenging for athletes to stay organized, manage their schedules, and adhere to training regimens.
● Emotional Regulation: Difficulties with emotional regulation may result in frustration, anger, or anxiety during competitions, negatively affecting an athlete's performance and sportsmanship.
● Stress and Anxiety: Managing the pressure of competition can be more challenging for athletes with ADHD, potentially leading to increased stress and anxiety.
While some athletes with ADHD excel in their sports naturally, leveraging their strengths to overcome challenges, others may require additional support, such as coaching on focus and self-regulation strategies, to optimize their performance.
Strategies for Managing ADHD
● Try Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT): Through CBT, athletes with ADHD learn coping strategies, time management, and organizational skills.
● Create Structured Routines: Establishing and sticking to structured daily routines helps both with time management and task completion.
● Organize Spaces: Create a conducive environment by organizing space to minimize distractions. In addition, tools like calendars and reminders help athletes to stay on track with daily activities.
● Establish a Holistic, Healthy Lifestyle: Regular exercise, mindfulness, mind/body work, intuitive eating, adequate sleep, and stress management techniques support overall well-being and reduce ADHD symptoms.
● Medication: Consult a healthcare professional who prescribes medication to explore whether medications may help manage ADHD symptoms. When taking medication, ensure that your medication is not a banned substance and/or have your prescriber complete a TUE (therapeutic use exemption) to ensure compliance at the highest levels of your sport.
For more information on CBT and medication management, schedule a discovery call with Athlete Insight today.
Sources:
National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH). (2021). Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).
Barkley, R. A. (2015). Taking Charge of ADHD: The Complete, Authoritative Guide for Parents (3rd ed.). The Guilford Press.